Kev sib xyaw thiab Molecular Structure ntawm Polyester Fabric

Lub npe tshuaj rau polyester yog polyethylene terephthalate (PET); nws belongs rau chav kawm ntawm aromatic polyester polymer tebchaw. Nws cov qauv txheej txheem yooj yim yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polycondensation ntawm terephthalic acid thiab ethylene glycol, thiab nws cov qauv molecular tuaj yeem yooj yim rau [C10H8O4] ₙ. Rau polyester npaj rau fiber ntau lawm, tus txheeb ze molecular hnyav feem ntau nyob ntawm 18,000 thiab 25,000; wool-zoo li polyester variants feem ntau muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular, thaum kev lag luam- qib polyester variants zoo li muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular.

Lub npe thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuaj fibers hauv cov khoom siv textile ua raws li cov qauv teev tseg hauv GB / T 4146.1-2009.

Hais txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, polyester macromolecules feem ntau muaj aliphatic saw ntu (-OCH₂CH₂O-), ester pawg (-COO-), benzene rings, thiab terminal hydroxyl pawg. Cov pab pawg Ester suav txog kwv yees li 46% ntawm cov ntsiab lus molecule; Ib sab ntawm cov pawg dav hlau hydroxyl, cov molecule tsis muaj lwm pawg hydrophilic polar pawg. Yog li ntawd, cov fiber ntau nthuav tawm muaj zog hydrophobicity thiab tsis tshua muaj dej noo absorbing zog. Nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias, cov ester pawg yuav raug thermal degradation; Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ob qho tib si kub thiab dej, hydrolysis tshwm sim tau yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv muaj zog alkaline tej yam kev mob, saponification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav tshwm sim, ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub℃ntawm polymerization; Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov kub qis dua 100 degree, cov txheej txheem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj detergents feem ntau tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau polyester.

Hais txog cov qauv morphological, polyester fibers zoo li du, zoo li lub tog raj kheej nyob rau hauv lawv cov longitudinal axis, thaum lawv tus ntoo khaub lig- ntu feem ntau ze li ncig. Cov nascent fibers uas ua los ntawm yaj spinning muaj cov qauv amorphous thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg; yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau kos duab (kev taw qhia) thiab cua sov- teeb tsa kev kho mob kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov khoom siv polyester tiav tau muab cais ua ib nrab -crystalline polymers, feem ntau pom cov crystallinity ntawm 40% thiab 60%, nrog rau qib siab ntawm molecular orientation; Cov yam ntxwv no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv lub zog siab, siab modulus, thiab zoo heev dimensional stability. Lub nplhaib benzene cov qauv nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau molecular impart ib qib siab ntawm rigidity rau cov saw ntu, yog li ua rau cov khoom muaj zog thiab thermal kuj; conversely, cov methylene saw segments (-OCH₂CH₂O-) muab ib tug tej yam yooj yooj yim degree, ua rau cov khoom muaj ib tug sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv zog thiab kev ua tau zoo.